In 480 BC, Xerxes personally led the second Persian invasion of Greece with one of the largest ancient armies ever assembled. However, while en route to attack Athens, the Persian force was decisively defeated by the Athenians at the Battle of Marathon, ending Persian efforts for the time being.ĭarius then began to plan to completely conquer Greece but died in 486 BC and responsibility for the conquest passed to his son Xerxes.
This expedition subjugated the Cyclades, before besieging, capturing and razing Eretria. In 490 BC a second force was sent to Greece, this time across the Aegean Sea, under the command of Datis and Artaphernes. The first Persian invasion of Greece began in 492 BC, with the Persian general Mardonius successfully re-subjugating Thrace and Macedon before several mishaps forced an early end to the rest of the campaign. Seeking to secure his empire from further revolts and from the interference of the mainland Greeks, Darius embarked on a scheme to conquer Greece and to punish Athens and Eretria for the burning of Sardis. At the Battle of Lade, the Ionians suffered a decisive defeat, and the rebellion collapsed, with the final members being stamped out the following year. In 494 BC, the Persians regrouped and attacked the epicenter of the revolt in Miletus. The revolt continued, with the two sides effectively stalemated throughout 497–495 BC. The Persian king Darius the Great vowed to have revenge on Athens and Eretria for this act. Aristagoras secured military support from Athens and Eretria, and in 498 BC these forces helped to capture and burn the Persian regional capital of Sardis. This was the beginning of the Ionian Revolt, which would last until 493 BC, progressively drawing more regions of Asia Minor into the conflict. In 499 BC, the tyrant of Miletus, Aristagoras, embarked on an expedition to conquer the island of Naxos, with Persian support however, the expedition was a debacle and, preempting his dismissal, Aristagoras incited all of Hellenic Asia Minor into rebellion against the Persians. This would prove to be the source of much trouble for the Greeks and Persians alike. Struggling to control the independent-minded cities of Ionia, the Persians appointed tyrants to rule each of them. The collision between the fractious political world of the Greeks and the enormous empire of the Persians began when Cyrus the Great conquered the Greek-inhabited region of Ionia in 547 BC.
#Ancient wars sparta wiki series
The Greco-Persian Wars (also often called the Persian Wars) were a series of conflicts between the Achaemenid Empire and Greek city-states that started in 499 BC i and lasted until 449 BC. Macedon, Thrace and Ionia regain independence from Persia Mainland Greece, Thrace, Aegean Islands, Asia Minor, Cyprus and Egypt Persian soldier (left) and Greek hoplite (right) depicted fighting, on an ancient kylix, 5th century BC For other uses, see Persian Wars (disambiguation).
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